The majority believe that oceans have almost infinite self-purification capacity. However, it is incorrect .Marine pollution has become a severe problem of all residents in earth village. In fact, sea water has eutrophicated. Thousands types of fish have died. Hazardous substances have harmed the human bodies through the food chain. Countless precious marine resources disappeared dramatically. The formation of the marine pollution mainly comes from the liquid pollution, the solid pollution, and the exhaust .
The first reason is that a large amount of effluent sewages and oils run out into the ocean. Oil-Spill Pollution is an essential pollution source. Thanks to shiping accidents or oily discharges from ship, a lot of oil were floated on the surface of ocean. Then a large amount of fishes died owning to hypoxia environment. For instance, a finding about oil-spill was published in a book named Marine Pollution Bulletin,” approximately 2600 oil-spill accidents happened in Chinese marine belt every year. “(1)With the oil exploitation of deep ocean for many countries, oil-spill accidents could create larger pollution in the ocean. According to a report for the gulf oil spill from the website of Ocean Portal, “scientists estimated the range of pollution area pier 22 mile long and over130million gallons oil into the ocean.”(2) Furthermore, effluents are also big pollution sources. Pesticide residue poses a threat to rivers and lakes . Overusing the pesticide and chemical fertilizer made water become eutrophication. In fact, the essence of eutrophication is ecological imbalance . For example, a research from a team of Tallinn University of Technology shows they believe that pesticide residue can flow into the sea by the rivers and lakes. (3)Tang, Zhipeng ,a author of the journal of Chinese Geographical Science, estimated that” the 47.1% of total national sewages were discharged into the river about 2.072 × tin 2002, and this data rapidly increased in 10 times in 2007.”(4)It is almost impossible to measure how much sewage ends up into the ocean around the world. Another likely reason is that the waste emissions of industries and plastic. First, many factories dump waste emissions near the coastline , consequentily, the ocean appears to be a garbage dump. For example, an organization believes that solid waste produce about billions of tons every year . If only 1% of solid waste are dumped into ocean, it still create great pollution for the ocean. Then, the wreckages of ship accidents also produce lots of solid pollutions. For example, a report shows that,”only in Turkish about 1247 marine accidents occurring were investigated in 2001–2009.”(5) Moreover, many countries choose dumping waste into the ocean to deal with the domestic garbage. Everyone can see plastic debris in the beach almost everywhere. A famous author, Jenna R. Jambeck ,of the Journal of Science estimated approximately1.75% to 4.62% of contaminations among these 275 million metric tons pollutants of waste lastics which was produce by those coastal countries had been emitted to the ocean in 2010. (6) Professor Jenna and her partner Roland Geyer pointed out 80% of marine debris originated from land. Global plastic resin ihas ncreased 620% since 1975.(7) In the end,another possible explanation why ocean pollution is severe as industrial waste fas in to the ocean by atmospheric cycle. As is known to all, air pollution is a serious issue for most countries. Yet , most people havn't reaalized that how many suspended particles which damage the environment of marine have been absorbed by the ocean. A research demonstrates that ,” mercury which caused by combustion about coal and oil into the air, has greatly exceeded the world annual production of mercury in factories. “(8)All of these air pollution sources ultimately enter the ocean by the atmosphere exchange. A mentioned by professor Jinling Liu in the book named Environmental Research illustrates that,”The average concent of MeHg in fish species are over three times than the content of common fishes,ranged from 39.6 μg/kg for rabbitfish (Siganus fuscessens) to 417 μg/kg for thornfish (Terapon jarbua)”(9)Since cadmium is highly toxic and it can accumulate in humans’ bodies, once a person over intakes it, it will cause stomach pains, vomiting and diarrhea . But cadmium pollution from incinerators trends to be higher than other harmful gases. Therefore, cadmium which come from air in the sea can make bigger damages than mercury. There are so many possible factors that might cause pollutions in the ocean. But main reasons are liquid pollution, solid pollution, and the exhaust. Too many scientists have predicted the results of the marine pollution. They also have suggested baning the dumping the radioactive wastes, including waste water and waste emissions, and establishing emergency response system of marine oil spills from ships ,and so on. Perhaps if more people realize the importance of reducing the pollution of marine, ocean’s environment will be better in the future. 1. M.I. Pinto, Hugh D. Burrows, G. Sontag, C. Vale, J.P. Noronha book of Marine Pollution Bulletin volume 112 2.google data from http://ocean.si.edu/gulf-oil-spill 3 Marine Pollution; Research Data from Tallinn University of Technology . Ecology, environment & conservation (Atlanta, Ga.). (04/26/2013) p. 550 4. Tang, Zhipeng; Gong, Peiping; Liu, Weidong; Li, Jiangsu. Chinese Geographical Science25.1 (Feb 2015): 85-97. 5. marine pollution data from google 6. Erol, Sercan The analysis of ship accident occurred in Turkish search and rescue area by using decision tree. Maritime policy and management. (01/2014) , 42 (4), p. 1 - 388. 7. Jenna R. Jambeck1 journal of science Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean 8. data from Wikipedia https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/marine-pollution 9. Jinling Liua, Xiangrong Xu Environmental Research Volume 131, May 2014, Pages 160–164
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My grandmother is a kind female .She doesn’t like using mobile to contact us, so we just meet her in holiday. My sister want to teach her how to use more popular apps like Wechat and QQ ,but my mother told her “You can not success. Because you can’t teach an old dog new tricks.”
In my country , life has changed a lot between 50 years ago and now. If you have ever seen the picture about 50 years ago ,you would not imagine today of China.50 years ago , everyone didn't have enough to eat ,the number of farmers were more than workers, sick people didn't get treatments from doctors. However ,after reform and opening-up, a rapid development began to take place . No one can doubt that the reform and opening policies formulated have had a big influence on the lives of Chinese people. Almost unlimited new advanced technologies were introduced since 50 years ago; Over millions of elites went abroad to study better skills .Nowadays ,the standards of living have been improved as western countries' people. There are three differences between now and the past : foods , jobs and health.
The first difference in my country is foods. Because of the development of technology ,the grain output has exceeded that of the previous production of foods ; People could choose to eat more nutritious foods and more kinds of foods than before. They can choose what to eat and how to eat .For example ,first, according to Dr. Jianhua Zhang in the Journal of Experimental Botany ,”average grain yield RP per person has gone up from 200 kg to 400kg between 1949 and 1990s.” [i]Moreover , according to a prospective study, China Health and Nutrition Survey, begun in 1989 until RP 2004 , “Everyone’s intake of animal source foods apart from milk and eggs has enlarged by 34g per day. Nowadays, sufficient animal source protein and fat could provide enough energy for everyone to do better in homework or jobs.”However, with the increasing production of foods , food safety has become the most serious problem in China today. For instance, a finding about food safety in China was published in an edition of The Lancet Medical CAP Sciences, “In 2006, due to temptation of interests, some illegal businessman offered too much harmful chemicals additive like Sudan IV in the chicken’s eggs. By 2008, many famous newpapers reported ‘six babies died by melamine-adulterated milk and infant formula and approximately 54 000 babies were influenced by its damages.’ Furthermore, people could receive more reports of ditch oil which is made from recycling waste oil from restaurant fryers, sewer drains, grease traps, and slaughterhouse waste. The illegal traders often use this cheaper oil to cook meals. Because of its toxicity, when people ate ditch oil ,they had diarrhea and abdominal pain.”[ii] Another distinction between 50 years ago and now is health. People have more chance to get a good treatment . First, as Dr. Chen Gao observes in ‘Social Science & Medicine’, “ The fair equality of treatment could be sent to everyone. Until 2011,over 95% Chinese people had got the social health insurance programs.”[iii] People could save more money in hospital. For example ,two decades ago , people need to pay about 90% fee in drugs.But nowadays ,70% charges will be billed to people’s insurance company or social medicine system .If you had a bad cough and went to a public hospital, you would pay about 200 yuan in drugs ten years ago. But nowadays ,you only need to pay about 40 yuan at the same situation.Then, some people even began to try to get more comfortable treatment from private hospitals. The research by Chengxiang Zhang and his group partners in a famous journal named Health Policy and planning shows, “The rapid growth in the number of private hospitals has scarcely slowed at any time since 2001, and the speed of yearly growth increased from 19 to 205, more patients began to choose to go to specialty hospital get professional treatment. In 2008, at least 4.1% of the staff used to come from local public hospitals and now are working in private hospitals. “ [iv] Due to the technology and the policy of the government , people live longer than before .A study about life expectancy by the BMC public health found” in 2010, data shows Chinese people could live about 74.8 years . Lifespans have more than doubled in 1949. More methods were found to defeat diseases .Thanks to mass vaccination campaigns and spreading of hygienic knowledge ,people just reduce 0.07 years for infectious and parasitic diseases in 2010 and keep the same low level until now.”[v] Besides, there is a small difference between 50 years ago and now in jobs .People have got higher wages in the jobs. A report by Mrhrss in Google shows,” People’s wages overtook last year more than 5000 CNY in China r in 2015. The medial wages increased seven times from 8822.05 in 1952 to 62029 in 2015.[vi]Of course ,the government took actions to help people get fair wages. Such as a study by China Labour Bulletin journal,” In the financial city of Shanghai, the residents could not get less than 2190 yuan every month in 2016.This number in 2010 was only 1120 yuan. Even in other cities ,the residents also received no less than 1600 yuan per month in 2016.”[vii] In addition, three decades after China embarked on dazzling economic reforms, much has changed for women. Unlike their mothers, whose working place always the home, women today can largely choose their paths in the future. Data by the New York Times shows, “ 71.52 percent of women from 16 through 54 were employed, compared with 82.47 percent of men from 16 through 59. Ms. Yang has calculated that women earn 63.5 percent of men’s salaries, a drop from 64.8 in 2000.”[viii] Therefore, today people have more foods to eat although they need to care about food safety. Moreover ,people got better health care and better wages and equal payment in gender for jobs. In the future ,people will get a better life. [i] Jianhua Zhang Journal of Experimental Botany Pp. 3707-3711. Issue 11 [ii] The Lancet 1 Medical Sciences China's food safety: a continuing global problem p377 [iii] Chen Gao Social Science & Medicine Payment reform and changes in health care in China [iv] Chengxiang Tang1,2, Yucheng Zhang3, Lieping Chen2,4,* and Yongqiang Lin5 health policy and planing The growth of private hospitals and their health workforce in China: a comparison with public hospitals [v] YL Gao, Pengcheng The impact of the major causes of death on life expectancy in China: a 60-year longitudinal study. BMC public health. (12/2014) , 25 (8), p. 633 [vi] http://www.tradingeconomics.com/china/wages from geogle data [vii] Wages and employment Journal of China labour Bulletin http://www.clb.org.hk/content/wages-and-employment [viii] Didi Kirsten Tatlow Nov. 25, 2010 For China’s Women, More Opportunities, More Pitfalls The New York Times 1.He made a gesture to celebrate to defeat the cancer again by chemotherapy.
2.He had received a good news about his cancer. He was very happy he could still alive. 3.He might have received so many death notice from doctor. 4.If he had given up on treatment ,he wouldn't have lived untill now. 1.If I could win a lot of money , I would write a novel the same as the Lord of the Rings.
2.If I decide to go out this weekend , I will finish my homework ahead. 3.If you visit my country ,I will make perfect plans for you. 4.If I have enough time this year ,I will establish a house for homeless cats and dogs. 5.Most people would be a lot happier if the super man were real in this world. 6.If I were a horse, I would enjoy blue sky with eating green grass . 7.I'll be annoyed this month if we have more exams . 8.If I had enough time this month I would go hiking around Fairfax with my friends. Travelling around Europe is my first dream in my heart because I hope I can see differences in scenery ,building and culture. When I was a child , I have read a wild range of novels about other counties,such as beautiful princess in the castle , cute magic feature .All of the characteres, scene , and the beauty of language in those novels are different from that in chinese novels .Although today I have known those were just imaginations in novels, travelling around Europe is still one of my dreams . If I realize my dream in the future, I would make more new friends in this trip. Due to solving problems in the trip , I will be more outgoing.
The second thing I want to do in the future is writing a novel. I really like reading books but I have never written a book by myself.And I think writing a novel is an interesting thing which I could show my idea and thinking for other people . The third dream that pop into my mind is going to see the World Cup .Since soccor is the most popular game around world, I want to experience a real match on air during the World Cup period.After seeing it I will know why soccor games attract so many people. In my country , life change a lot between 50 years ago and now. People even didn’t notice what a big change before they found it. There are three differences between now and past are foods , jobs and health.
The first difference in my country is foods. Because of the development of technology ,the production of foods got a good achievement , people could get more nutritious and sufficient foods than before .For example ,on the one hand , China's grain production has increased from about 200 kg per capita in 1949 to about 400 kg in the early 1990s [i]On the other hand , according to a prospective study, China Health and Nutrition Survey, begun in 1989 and followed up in 1991, 1993, 1997, 2000 and 2004 , “the average consumption of all animal source foods except milk and eggs increased by 34g per capita per day. The proportion of animal source protein increased greatly and fat contributed an increasing proportion of energy”. However, with the increasing production of foods , food safety has become the most serious problem in China today. For instance, the illegal and carcinogenic chemical additive Sudan IV was detected in the eggs of poultry in 2006--the aim being to stain eggs yolk an attractive color. By 2008, melamine-adulterated milk and infant formula resulted in six infant deaths and an estimated 54 000 babies being admitted to hospital. Furthermore, there have been repeated reports of ditch oil, produced by recycling waste oil collected from restaurant fryers, sewer drains, grease traps, and slaughterhouse waste, which is often used as a cheaper alternative to normal cooking oil. Ditch oil has been shown to be toxic and can cause diarrhoea and abdominal pain.[ii] Another distinction between 50 years ago and now is health. People have more chance to get a good treatment . First,people would not lose the chance to get the treatment even the rural poor people .by the end of 2011, the social health insurance programs covered 95% of the total Chinese population . [iii] This way help more people save more money in hospital.Then, some people even began to try to get more suitale and comfortable treatment from private hospital .The number of private hospitals rapidly increased after 2001, and the yearly growth rate increased from 19 to 205, represented primarily by an increase in specialty hospitals. Approximately 22.03% of the physicians in private hospitals are over the age of 60, whereas this proportion in public hospitals is only 2.97%. In 2008, at least 4.1% of the staff working in private hospitals had previously worked in local public hospitals in 2001. [iv]Due to the technology and the policy of government , hinese people live longer than before . Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, China has markedly improved the health of its people. The life expectancy of Chinese residents has more than doubled, from 35 years of age in 1950, to 74.8 in 2010. The maternal mortality rate has decreased from 1,500/100,000 to 30/100,000, and the infant mortality rate has dropped from 200‰ to 13.1‰ .The scientists and doctors also find more methods to fight diseases .The potential gains in life expectancy ( PGLEs) of infectious and parasitic diseases decreased from 15.59 years in 1950, to 0.07 year in 2010, and have remained low since 2000. However, the PGLEs of chronic diseases increased from 8.70 years in 1950, to 13.36 years in 2010, and indicated an increasing future trend[v] Besides, there is a small difference between 50 years ago and now in jobs .People have got higher wages in the jobs. Wages in China increased to 62029 CNY/Year in 2015 from 57361 CNY/Year in 2014. Wages in China averaged 8822.05 CNY/Year from 1952 until 2015, reaching an all time high of 62029 CNY/Year in 2015 and a record low of 445 CNY/Year in 1952. Wages in China is reported by the Mohrss, China.[vi]Of course ,the government took actions to help people get fair wages. Such as in the financial capital of Shanghai, which has the highest minimum wage in China, the monthly rate increased from 1,120 yuan in 2010 to 2,190 yuan (US$327) in 2016. The minimum wage for most major cities and provincial capitals also doubled to around 1,600 yuan (US$239) per month in 2016.[vii] In addition, three decades after China embarked on dazzling economic reforms, much has changed for women. Unlike their mothers, whose working — and, often, private — lives were determined by the state, women today can largely choose their paths. Rural women are no longer tethered to communes; urban women no longer are assigned jobs for life or need permission from work units to marry, although all women must apply for permission to have a child. In 2008, 67.5 percent of Chinese women over 15 were employed, according to Yang Juhua of Renmin University of China’s Center for Population and Development Studies, citing World Bank statistics. That was a drop from the most recent Chinese government data, from 2000, showing that 71.52 percent of women from 16 through 54 were employed, compared with 82.47 percent of men from 16 through 59. Ms. Yang has calculated that women earn 63.5 percent of men’s salaries, a drop from 64.8 in 2000.[viii] Therefore, today people have more foods to eat although they need to care about food safety. Moreover ,people got better health care and more better wages and equal payment in gender for jobs. In the future ,people will get more better life.
There are big differences in Economy & Taxes for Clinton and Trump’s views in 2016 presidential election.
First, Clinton and Trump are differ in Should Any Federal Taxes Be Increased .For example , according to Clinton in this point,'First ,hard-working families need and deserve tax relief and simplification.'according She thought took this action can help hard-working families got convenient way to afford the various taxes. 'Second, those at the top have to pay their fair share.'She hope it may make the millionaires to pay more for USA. However , On an Nov. 10, 1999 appearance on Good Morning America, Trump stated: "Well, basically, this would be a one-time tax······ save $200 billion a year. So taxes for the middle class would go way down, the estate and inheritance tax totally wiped out, and the Social Security system would be saved.”It means if he increase on the wealthy, that means they're still going to being paying less than they pay now. Moreover, Trump suggests to talk about increasing the numbers from his tax proposal. The best way is developing the number of the taxpayer. Another contrast between Clinton and Trump is’ Should Social Security Be Privatized? ’Clinton shows her opinion in speech ‘"Now, I will also defend Social Security and Medicare from the efforts of the Republicans to privatize both of them. When I was in the Senate, George Bush came up with a privatization plan······ It would have been a disaster. ’It would be a big problem if the social security be privatized. Besides, as she post in Hillary for America Oct. 28, 2015, "Social Security and Medicare: We Must Preserve, Protect, and Strengthen These Lifelines," She hold this point on to last .Yet Trump didn’t make the decision. On the one hand ,he points out ‘I want to make the country rich so that Social Security can be afforded, and Medicare and Medicaid.’On the other hand ,he argued for’Get rid of the waste, get rid of the fraud, but you deserve your Social Security; you've been paying your Security. Many people always say happy only stay a little time in people's heart ,but tragedy will stay forever.However, the true tragedy means to break down the most precious things to show to people. So do great arts. For example , Van Gogh , a great artist ,the best painting which is finished before he suiciding become more expensive art. So I agree it.
Idyllic Place in My Country
Wu Town the grid which a small place is famous over the world because of its so Idyllic pastoral scene. The second World Internet Conference was hold in the Wu Town where I have gone. Although Wu Town is not large , it was 6000 years of history of the ancient town .Until today Wu Town still keep the nature scenery .For instance , so much trees and green rivers came into your sight, this idyllic village life called up so much visitors own childhood . Besides ,people’s house don’t destroy the beautiful scenery , it has become a part of it .Winding lanes of the Old Town became an interesting adventure for visitors .Moreover ,in the night , you would see so much stars in the sky ,and so much stars are also in the river .After closing the river ,you will find them are shadows of stars .Furthermore , Wu Town is the paradise of animals .Because of superior geographical environment ,a great amount of birds choose this place to stay in winter .When other places are so cold in winter ,the Wu Town still keep the warm and comfortable environment .It provides sufficient foods for birds. Finally ,as the last resting-on-water town in China ,Wu Town has many interesting activities . On the one hand ,you can choose to walk on the lane ,enjoy the local foods like Ding Sheng cake ,Gusao cake and Smoked bean tea , see the local people how to weaving cotton cloth . On the other hand , visitors also can decide to sit in the boat ,the picturesque scenery will filled in your eyes and will make you never want to leave here. Compared with South Korea and Sierra Leone
There are a few differences between south Korea and Sierra Leone in education . The first difference between South Korea's and Sierra Lenoe's education is government spending . For example , the South Korea's government spent 5% of GDP on education in 2009 but until 2012 the Sierra Lenoe's government only spent 2.9 % of GDP on education .Moreover , the other contrast between South Korea and Sierra Leone in education is literacy. For instance ,In 2002 , male's literacy in South Korea had been to 99.2% and female's literacy reached to 96.6% .Yet, the literacy in Sierra Leone was male 54.7% and female 32.6% all over age 15 in 2011 . Finally , the years of education is different in South Korea and Sierra Leone .To illustrate , in South Korea ,the average of education years is 17 , male's education years is 18 and female's education years is 16 in 2011. However ,the average of education years in Sierra Leone is only 7 years ,male 8 years and female 6 years. This graph illustrates the rate of the growth for China's GDP.We can see the rate of GDP's growth in most of time is a postive number.From 1952 to 1957, there was a steady flucuation in the speed of the Chinese GDP's growth .Then between 1958 and 1961 ,the rate of growth plunged dramatically .However ,from 1961 to 1964, the trand increased rapidly.The same trand as 1958 to 1964 happend again but not very significant. Between 1971 and 1978 ,the rate of the growth in Chinese GDP fluctuated slowly .For example, from 1972 to 1973 ,there was a slight rising, and between 1973 and 1974 ,the rate of GDP's growth fall steady.
When I get married , I will choose the Hainan as my perfect summer getaway .Of course , honeymoon is the best day to have a good vacation which I can forget all of worries about work and study , we can enjoy life .
We will shut off the cell-phone all day and fly to the Hainan .Fresh air ,soft beach and bule sky are all waving at us .Maybe other people prefer to take surfing ,visitint ,shopping and so on.These are exacting activites. However ,exactly i'd like to only lying on the beach with my lover to enjoy the sectest of the ocean . We will feel the every sea wind whistling , every gliding seagull , every shell's singing ,every small spray's dancing ,and every rising moon and sun above the sea . All are unforgettable and beautiful memories deep in my heart, especially I can enjoy them with my lover.We can see the sunlight how to make the beach become to happy and fuss .Besides ,we also can enjoy the solitude of mind alone in the moonlight . Final ,we will make a vow of walking to the ends of the life around the "Tianyahaijiao". That will be the most romantic thing in my thinking. My best friend , Tao , is a talented , open-minded and fickle girl. Why I know it? Because she is an open-minded girl , she never mind friend say no for her , and she always forgive friend's faults. For her tanelnt, for example , when she meet an interesting instrument and then that instrument aroused he interest , she can get high level of it . Besides , every teacher said she is wasting her talent . However , unfortunately, she is also a fickle girl . For instance , last week she was interested in how to be a good young lady , but this week she has want to be a tramps which can roved among the montains and rivers . You know , although she attracts many friends by open-minded character,all of friends are troubled with her fickle.
Lots of people think my uncle's character likes a tiger----wise,brave and sensitive .First, as a leader in the group of the company , he always can make the true decision. When other people want to get the help from him , he also can give them good advices . Besides, he also is a brave man . Although he is a good leader in the group , they can meet many different problems , he have the enough courage to face challenges. Then he will encourage other parters to continue . However ,never believe he is a sensitive person . In fact, he is not only can show consideration for his family members but also can feel the pain of others, Where the disaster occurred , he always donate any possible needs. In my opinion , my little sister is a sociable ,competitive and friendly girl . Because of she really like to make new friends whatever is on Internet or real worle . But make me surprise , she can keep friendships with everyone . Therefore , i thought she is a sociale girl . And why I said she is a competitive girl . If you can become to be a classmate with her , you will found she want to be perfect on everything . Besides , she often set up a group for friends or classmates to finish homework or other things , when she get better than other people , she will be smile on face . Final , even she is always busy with homework , she still spend lots of time to be a volunteer in community . I've seen he say "hello" to everyone on the road to school including strangers. |
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December 2016
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